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Income Polarisation Among Undergraduate Students of University of Ibadan

Received: 23 February 2017     Accepted: 22 March 2017     Published: 14 April 2017
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Abstract

Despite increasing interest in income polarisation among researchers in Nigeria, there is dearth of literature on its existence among undergraduate students especially with the primary data. A polarised income distribution among students has the potential of breeding social unrest, protest or demonstration. This study examined the existence of income polarization and inequality among undergraduate students. University of Ibadan was used as case study since all categories of social classes can be found among the students and the “no-cooking” policy of the University has direct effects on students’ monthly income and expenditure distribution. A two-stage sampling technique was employed. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics; Duclos-Esteban-Ray (DER) (2008) polarisation index and Generalised Entropy (GE) inequality index were used to estimate income polarisation and inequality respectively. Income polarisation and inequality decreased among students between the two observed years. Income polarisation (α0.5) decreased from 0.2287 to 0.2058 while income inequality decreased from 0.2402 to 0.1586. Highest polarisation estimate of 0.2117 was obtained between male and female. In 2011/2012, female (0.2032) was polarised than male (0.1987) while male (0.1893) was slightly polarised than female (0.1836) in 2012/2013 session. Within dimension however, the highest and least identification estimates (0.9069 and 0.7462) were from non-scholarship/bursary and female students respectively. In order to prevent a situation where students will ride on their increasing homogeneity brought about by no-cooking policy to protest against poor and unfriendly environment, good quality services in terms of food and other items that students paid for on campus are therefore advocated.

Published in Mathematics Letters (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ml.20170302.11
Page(s) 20-28
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Income Distribution, Polarisation, Inequality, Generalised Entropy, Homogenous

References
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[2] Adewole I. F., (2013): National Mirror Newspaper, February 7th, “University of Ibadan deserves special attention – VC” retrieved on March 2nd, 2013 from http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/university-of-ibadan-deserves-special-attention-vc/.
[3] AfDB (2012); “Income Inequality in Africa” AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP Briefing Notes for AfDB’s Long-Term Strategy Briefing Note 5: 1, 7 March 2012.
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[6] Awoyemi, T. T. (2008); “Explaining income inequality in Nigeria: A regression-based approach” Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Retrieved from on July 14, 2013 http://www.aercafrica.org/aes/papers/group_A/A9-Timithy%20Awoyemi.pdf.
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    Adeleke Hafees Aderoju, Sulaiman Adesina Yusuf, Oluwole Ibikunle Ogunyemi, Wasiu Akintunde Yusuf. (2017). Income Polarisation Among Undergraduate Students of University of Ibadan. Mathematics Letters, 3(2), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ml.20170302.11

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    Adeleke Hafees Aderoju; Sulaiman Adesina Yusuf; Oluwole Ibikunle Ogunyemi; Wasiu Akintunde Yusuf. Income Polarisation Among Undergraduate Students of University of Ibadan. Math. Lett. 2017, 3(2), 20-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ml.20170302.11

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    AMA Style

    Adeleke Hafees Aderoju, Sulaiman Adesina Yusuf, Oluwole Ibikunle Ogunyemi, Wasiu Akintunde Yusuf. Income Polarisation Among Undergraduate Students of University of Ibadan. Math Lett. 2017;3(2):20-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ml.20170302.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ml.20170302.11,
      author = {Adeleke Hafees Aderoju and Sulaiman Adesina Yusuf and Oluwole Ibikunle Ogunyemi and Wasiu Akintunde Yusuf},
      title = {Income Polarisation Among Undergraduate Students of University of Ibadan},
      journal = {Mathematics Letters},
      volume = {3},
      number = {2},
      pages = {20-28},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ml.20170302.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ml.20170302.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ml.20170302.11},
      abstract = {Despite increasing interest in income polarisation among researchers in Nigeria, there is dearth of literature on its existence among undergraduate students especially with the primary data. A polarised income distribution among students has the potential of breeding social unrest, protest or demonstration. This study examined the existence of income polarization and inequality among undergraduate students. University of Ibadan was used as case study since all categories of social classes can be found among the students and the “no-cooking” policy of the University has direct effects on students’ monthly income and expenditure distribution. A two-stage sampling technique was employed. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics; Duclos-Esteban-Ray (DER) (2008) polarisation index and Generalised Entropy (GE) inequality index were used to estimate income polarisation and inequality respectively. Income polarisation and inequality decreased among students between the two observed years. Income polarisation (α0.5) decreased from 0.2287 to 0.2058 while income inequality decreased from 0.2402 to 0.1586. Highest polarisation estimate of 0.2117 was obtained between male and female. In 2011/2012, female (0.2032) was polarised than male (0.1987) while male (0.1893) was slightly polarised than female (0.1836) in 2012/2013 session. Within dimension however, the highest and least identification estimates (0.9069 and 0.7462) were from non-scholarship/bursary and female students respectively. In order to prevent a situation where students will ride on their increasing homogeneity brought about by no-cooking policy to protest against poor and unfriendly environment, good quality services in terms of food and other items that students paid for on campus are therefore advocated.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Income Polarisation Among Undergraduate Students of University of Ibadan
    AU  - Adeleke Hafees Aderoju
    AU  - Sulaiman Adesina Yusuf
    AU  - Oluwole Ibikunle Ogunyemi
    AU  - Wasiu Akintunde Yusuf
    Y1  - 2017/04/14
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ml.20170302.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ml.20170302.11
    T2  - Mathematics Letters
    JF  - Mathematics Letters
    JO  - Mathematics Letters
    SP  - 20
    EP  - 28
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5056
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ml.20170302.11
    AB  - Despite increasing interest in income polarisation among researchers in Nigeria, there is dearth of literature on its existence among undergraduate students especially with the primary data. A polarised income distribution among students has the potential of breeding social unrest, protest or demonstration. This study examined the existence of income polarization and inequality among undergraduate students. University of Ibadan was used as case study since all categories of social classes can be found among the students and the “no-cooking” policy of the University has direct effects on students’ monthly income and expenditure distribution. A two-stage sampling technique was employed. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics; Duclos-Esteban-Ray (DER) (2008) polarisation index and Generalised Entropy (GE) inequality index were used to estimate income polarisation and inequality respectively. Income polarisation and inequality decreased among students between the two observed years. Income polarisation (α0.5) decreased from 0.2287 to 0.2058 while income inequality decreased from 0.2402 to 0.1586. Highest polarisation estimate of 0.2117 was obtained between male and female. In 2011/2012, female (0.2032) was polarised than male (0.1987) while male (0.1893) was slightly polarised than female (0.1836) in 2012/2013 session. Within dimension however, the highest and least identification estimates (0.9069 and 0.7462) were from non-scholarship/bursary and female students respectively. In order to prevent a situation where students will ride on their increasing homogeneity brought about by no-cooking policy to protest against poor and unfriendly environment, good quality services in terms of food and other items that students paid for on campus are therefore advocated.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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